Typography
Most typography terminology comes from the time when type consisted of letter forms molded on top of blocks of metal.
Alphabets in the Western world usually have two distinct cases of letters, upper and lower. Capital letters are often called upper case and small letters are called lower case. These terms originated during the time of movable type when type was stored in cases. The capitals were in the upper part of the cabinet, and the smaller letters in the lower part.
Pitch/CPI (Characters per Inch)